Publications

@article{Huang2017,

title = {Performance assessment of a programmable five degrees-of-freedom motion platform for quality assurance of motion management techniques in radiotherapy},

author = {Chen-Yu Huang and Paul Keall and Adam Rice and Emma Colvill and Jin Aun Ng and Jeremy T. Booth},

doi = {10.1007/s13246-017-0572-0},

issn = {1879-5447},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-09-00},

journal = {Australas Phys Eng Sci Med},

volume = {40},

number = {3},

pages = {643--649},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ekpo2017,

title = {Doctoral profile of the medical radiation sciences: a baseline for Australia and New Zealand},

author = {Ernest U. Ekpo and Beverly Snaith and Martine A. Harris and Mark F. McEntee},

doi = {10.1002/jmrs.231},

issn = {2051-3895},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-09-00},

journal = {J Med Radiat Sci},

volume = {64},

number = {3},

pages = {195--202},

publisher = {Wiley},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Oborn2017,

title = {Future of medical physics: Real‐time MRI‐guided proton therapy},

author = {Bradley M. Oborn and Stephen Dowdell and Peter E. Metcalfe and Stuart Crozier and Radhe Mohan and Paul J. Keall},

doi = {10.1002/mp.12371},

issn = {2473-4209},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-08-00},

journal = {Medical Physics},

volume = {44},

number = {8},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {With the recent clinical implementation of real‐time MRI‐guided x‐ray beam therapy (MRXT), attention is turning to the concept of combining real‐time MRI guidance with proton beam therapy; MRI‐guided proton beam therapy (MRPT). MRI guidance for proton beam therapy is expected to offer a compelling improvement to the current treatment workflow which is warranted arguably more than for x‐ray beam therapy. This argument is born out of the fact that proton therapy toxicity outcomes are similar to that of the most advanced IMRT treatments, despite being a fundamentally superior particle for cancer treatment.In this Future of Medical Physics article, we describe the various software and hardware aspects of potential MRPT systems and the corresponding treatment workflow. Significant software developments, particularly focused around adaptive MRI‐based planning will be required. The magnetic interaction between the MRI and the proton beamline components will be a key area of focus. For example, the modeling and potential redesign of a magnetically compatible gantry to allow for beam delivery from multiple angles towards a patient located within the bore of an MRI scanner. Further to this, the accuracy of pencil beam scanning and beam monitoring in the presence of an MRI fringe field will require modeling, testing, and potential further development to ensure that the highly targeted radiotherapy is maintained.Looking forward we envisage a clear and accelerated path for hardware development, leveraging from lessons learnt from MRXT development. Within few years, simple prototype systems will likely exist, and in a decade, we could envisage coupled systems with integrated gantries. Such milestones will be key in the development of a more efficient, more accurate, and more successful form of proton beam therapy for many common cancer sites.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hegi‐Johnson2017,

title = {Evaluating the accuracy of 4D‐CT ventilation imaging: First comparison with Technegas SPECT ventilation},

author = {Fiona Hegi‐Johnson and Paul Keall and Jeff Barber and Chuong Bui and John Kipritidis},

doi = {10.1002/mp.12317},

issn = {2473-4209},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-08-00},

journal = {Medical Physics},

volume = {44},

number = {8},

pages = {4045--4055},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {PurposeComputed tomography ventilation imaging (CTVI) is a highly accessible functional lung imaging modality that can unlock the potential for functional avoidance in lung cancer radiation therapy. Previous attempts to validate CTVI against clinical ventilation single‐photon emission computed tomography (V‐SPECT) have been hindered by radioaerosol clumping artifacts. This work builds on those studies by performing the first comparison of CTVI with 99mTc‐carbon (‘Technegas’), a clinical V‐SPECT modality featuring smaller radioaerosol particles with less clumping.MethodsEleven lung cancer radiotherapy patients with early stage (T1/T2N0) disease received treatment planning four‐dimensional CT (4DCT) scans paired with Technegas V/Q‐SPECT/CT. For each patient, we applied three different CTVI methods. Two of these used deformable image registration (DIR) to quantify breathing‐induced lung density changes (CTVIDIR‐HU), or breathing‐induced lung volume changes (CTVIDIR‐Jac) between the 4DCT exhale/inhale phases. A third method calculated the regional product of air‐tissue densities (CTVIHU) and did not involve DIR. Corresponding CTVI and V‐SPECT scans were compared using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for functional defect and nondefect regions, as well as the Spearman's correlation r computed over the whole lung. The DIR target registration error (TRE) was quantified using both manual and computer‐selected anatomic landmarks.ResultsInterestingly, the overall best performing method (CTVIHU) did not involve DIR. For nondefect regions, the CTVIHU, CTVIDIR‐HU, and CTVIDIR‐Jac methods achieved mean DSC values of 0.69, 0.68, and 0.54, respectively. For defect regions, the respective DSC values were moderate: 0.39, 0.33, and 0.44. The Spearman r‐values were generally weak: 0.26 for CTVIHU, 0.18 for CTVIDIR‐HU, and −0.02 for CTVIDIR‐Jac. The spatial accuracy of CTVI was not significantly correlated with TRE, however the DIR accuracy itself was poor with TRE > 3.6 mm on average, potentially indicative of poor quality 4DCT. Q‐SPECT scans achieved good correlations with V‐SPECT (mean r > 0.6), suggesting that the image quality of Technegas V‐SPECT was not a limiting factor in this study.ConclusionsWe performed a validation of CTVI using clinically available 4DCT and Technegas V/Q‐SPECT for 11 lung cancer patients. The results reinforce earlier findings that the spatial accuracy of CTVI exhibits significant interpatient and intermethod variability. We propose that the most likely factor affecting CTVI accuracy was poor image quality of clinical 4DCT.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lee2017,

title = {Audiovisual biofeedback guided breath-hold improves lung tumor position reproducibility and volume consistency},

author = {Danny Lee and Peter B. Greer and Carminia Lapuz and Joanna Ludbrook and Perry Hunter and Jameen Arm and Sean Pollock and Kuldeep Makhija and Ricky T. O'Brien and Taeho Kim and Paul Keall},

doi = {10.1016/j.adro.2017.03.002},

issn = {2452-1094},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-07-00},

journal = {Advances in Radiation Oncology},

volume = {2},

number = {3},

pages = {354--362},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Feain2017,

title = {Technical Note: The design and function of a horizontal patient rotation system for the purposes of fixed-beam cancer radiotherapy},

author = {Ilana Feain and Lloyd Coleman and Hue Wallis and Richard Sokolov and Ricky O'Brien and Paul Keall},

doi = {10.1002/mp.12219},

issn = {0094-2405},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-06-00},

journal = {Med. Phys.},

volume = {44},

number = {6},

pages = {2490--2502},

publisher = {Wiley},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Whelan2017b,

title = {Development and testing of a database of NIH research funding of AAPM members: A report from the AAPM Working Group for the Development of a Research Database (WGDRD)},

author = {Brendan Whelan and Eduardo G. Moros and Rebecca Fahrig and James Deye and Thomas Yi and Michael Woodward and Paul Keall and Jeff H. Siewerdsen},

doi = {10.1002/mp.12098},

issn = {0094-2405},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-04-00},

journal = {Med. Phys.},

volume = {44},

number = {4},

pages = {1590--1601},

publisher = {Wiley},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Freiman2017,

title = {Improving CCTA‐based lesions' hemodynamic significance assessment by accounting for partial volume modeling in automatic coronary lumen segmentation},

author = {Moti Freiman and Hannes Nickisch and Sven Prevrhal and Holger Schmitt and Mani Vembar and Pál Maurovich‐Horvat and Patrick Donnelly and Liran Goshen},

doi = {10.1002/mp.12121},

issn = {2473-4209},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-03-00},

journal = {Medical Physics},

volume = {44},

number = {3},

pages = {1040--1049},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {PurposeThe goal of this study was to assess the potential added benefit of accounting for partial volume effects (PVE) in an automatic coronary lumen segmentation algorithm that is used to determine the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).Materials and methodsTwo sets of data were used in our work: (a) multivendor CCTA datasets of 18 subjects from the MICCAI 2012 challenge with automatically generated centerlines and 3 reference segmentations of 78 coronary segments and (b) additional CCTA datasets of 97 subjects with 132 coronary lesions that had invasive reference standard FFR measurements. We extracted the coronary artery centerlines for the 97 datasets by an automated software program followed by manual correction if required. An automatic machine‐learning‐based algorithm segmented the coronary tree with and without accounting for the PVE. We obtained CCTA‐based FFR measurements using a flow simulation in the coronary trees that were generated by the automatic algorithm with and without accounting for PVE. We assessed the potential added value of PVE integration as a part of the automatic coronary lumen segmentation algorithm by means of segmentation accuracy using the MICCAI 2012 challenge framework and by means of flow simulation overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and the receiver operated characteristic (ROC) area under the curve. We also evaluated the potential benefit of accounting for PVE in automatic segmentation for flow simulation for lesions that were diagnosed as obstructive based on CCTA which could have indicated a need for an invasive exam and revascularization.ResultsOur segmentation algorithm improves the maximal surface distance error by ~39% compared to previously published method on the 18 datasets from the MICCAI 2012 challenge with comparable Dice and mean surface distance. Results with and without accounting for PVE were comparable. In contrast, integrating PVE analysis into an automatic coronary lumen segmentation algorithm improved the flow simulation specificity from 0.6 to 0.68 with the same sensitivity of 0.83. Also, accounting for PVE improved the area under the ROC curve for detecting hemodynamically significant CAD from 0.76 to 0.8 compared to automatic segmentation without PVE analysis with invasive FFR threshold of 0.8 as the reference standard. Accounting for PVE in flow simulation to support the detection of hemodynamic significant disease in CCTA‐based obstructive lesions improved specificity from 0.51 to 0.73 with same sensitivity of 0.83 and the area under the curve from 0.69 to 0.79. The improvement in the AUC was statistically significant (N = 76, Delong's test, P = 0.012).ConclusionAccounting for the partial volume effects in automatic coronary lumen segmentation algorithms has the potential to improve the accuracy of CCTA‐based hemodynamic assessment of coronary artery lesions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nakamura2017,

title = {Proton beam therapy for olfactory neuroblastoma},

author = {Naoki Nakamura and Sadamoto Zenda and Makoto Tahara and Susumu Okano and Ryuichi Hayashi and Hidehiro Hojo and Kenji Hotta and Satoe Kito and Atsushi Motegi and Satoko Arahira and Hidenobu Tachibana and Tetsuo Akimoto},

doi = {10.1016/j.radonc.2016.12.020},

issn = {0167-8140},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-03-00},

journal = {Radiotherapy and Oncology},

volume = {122},

number = {3},

pages = {368--372},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hugo2017,

title = {A longitudinal four‐dimensional computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography dataset for image‐guided radiation therapy research in lung cancer},

author = {Geoffrey D. Hugo and Elisabeth Weiss and William C. Sleeman and Salim Balik and Paul J. Keall and Jun Lu and Jeffrey F. Williamson},

doi = {10.1002/mp.12059},

issn = {2473-4209},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-02-00},

journal = {Medical Physics},

volume = {44},

number = {2},

pages = {762--771},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {PurposeTo describe in detail a dataset consisting of serial four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and 4D cone beam CT (4DCBCT) images acquired during chemoradiotherapy of 20 locally advanced, nonsmall cell lung cancer patients we have collected at our institution and shared publicly with the research community.Acquisition and validation methodsAs part of an NCI‐sponsored research study 82 4DCT and 507 4DCBCT images were acquired in a population of 20 locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. All subjects underwent concurrent radiochemotherapy to a total dose of 59.4–70.2 Gy using daily 1.8 or 2 Gy fractions. Audio‐visual biofeedback was used to minimize breathing irregularity during all fractions, including acquisition of all 4DCT and 4DCBCT acquisitions in all subjects. Target, organs at risk, and implanted fiducial markers were delineated by a physician in the 4DCT images. Image coordinate system origins between 4DCT and 4DCBCT were manipulated in such a way that the images can be used to simulate initial patient setup in the treatment position. 4DCT images were acquired on a 16‐slice helical CT simulator with 10 breathing phases and 3 mm slice thickness during simulation. In 13 of the 20 subjects, 4DCTs were also acquired on the same scanner weekly during therapy. Every day, 4DCBCT images were acquired on a commercial onboard CBCT scanner. An optically tracked external surrogate was synchronized with CBCT acquisition so that each CBCT projection was time stamped with the surrogate respiratory signal through in‐house software and hardware tools. Approximately 2500 projections were acquired over a period of 8–10 minutes in half‐fan mode with the half bow‐tie filter. Using the external surrogate, the CBCT projections were sorted into 10 breathing phases and reconstructed with an in‐house FDK reconstruction algorithm. Errors in respiration sorting, reconstruction, and acquisition were carefully identified and corrected.Data format and usage notes4DCT and 4DCBCT images are available in DICOM format and structures through DICOM‐RT RTSTRUCT format. All data are stored in the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA, http://www.cancerimagingarchive.net/) as collection 4D‐Lung and are publicly available.DiscussionDue to high temporal frequency sampling, redundant (4DCT and 4DCBCT) data at similar timepoints, oversampled 4DCBCT, and fiducial markers, this dataset can support studies in image‐guided and image‐guided adaptive radiotherapy, assessment of 4D voxel trajectory variability, and development and validation of new tools for image registration and motion management.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Whelan2017,

title = {An MRI‐compatible patient rotation system — design, construction, and first organ deformation results},

author = {Brendan Whelan and Gary P. Liney and Jason A. Dowling and Robba Rai and Lois Holloway and Leigh McGarvie and Ilana Feain and Michael Barton and Megan Berry and Rob Wilkins and Paul Keall},

doi = {10.1002/mp.12065},

issn = {2473-4209},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-02-00},

journal = {Medical Physics},

volume = {44},

number = {2},

pages = {581--588},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {PurposeConventionally in radiotherapy, a very heavy beam forming apparatus (gantry) is rotated around a patient. From a mechanical perspective, a more elegant approach is to rotate the patient within a stationary beam. Key obstacles to this approach are patient tolerance and anatomical deformation. Very little information on either aspect is available in the literature. The purpose of this work was therefore to design and test an MRI‐compatible patient rotation system such that the feasibility of a patient rotation workflow could be tested.MethodsA patient rotation system (PRS) was designed to fit inside the bore of a 3T MRI scanner (Skyra, Siemens) such that 3D images could be acquired at different rotation angles. Once constructed, a pelvic imaging study was carried out on a healthy volunteer. T2‐weighted MRI images were taken every 45° between 0° and 360°, (with 0° equivalent to supine). The prostate, bladder, and rectum were segmented using atlas‐based auto contouring. The images from each angle were registered back to the 0° image in three steps: (a) Rigid registration was based on MRI visible markers on the couch. (b) Rigid registration based on the prostate contour (equivalent to a rigid shift to the prostate). (c) Nonrigid registration. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean average surface distance (MASD) were calculated for each organ at each step.ResultsThe PRS met all design constraints and was successfully integrated with the MRI scanner. Phantom images showed minimal difference in signal or noise with or without the PRS in the MRI scanner. For the MRI images, the DSC (mean ± standard deviation) over all angles in the prostate, rectum, and bladder was 0.60 ± 0.11, 0.56 ± 0.15, and 0.76 ± 0.06 after rigid couch registration, 0.88 ± 0.03, 0.81 ± 0.08, and 0.86 ± 0.03 after rigid prostate guided registration, and 0.85 ± 0.03, 0.88 ± 0.02, 0.87 ± 0.02 after nonrigid registration.ConclusionsAn MRI‐compatible patient rotation system has been designed, constructed, and tested. A pelvic study was carried out on a healthy volunteer. Rigid registration based on the prostate contour yielded DSC overlap statistics in the prostate superior to interobserver contouring variability reported in the literature.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Healy2017,

title = {Cobalt-60 Machines and Medical Linear Accelerators: Competing Technologies for External Beam Radiotherapy},

author = {B.J. Healy and D. van der Merwe and K.E. Christaki and A. Meghzifene},

doi = {10.1016/j.clon.2016.11.002},

issn = {0936-6555},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-02-00},

journal = {Clinical Oncology},

volume = {29},

number = {2},

pages = {110--115},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ipsen2016,

title = {Towards real-time MRI-guided 3D localization of deforming targets for non-invasive cardiac radiosurgery},

author = {S Ipsen and O Blanck and N J Lowther and G P Liney and R Rai and F Bode and J Dunst and A Schweikard and P J Keall},

doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/61/22/7848},

issn = {1361-6560},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-11-21},

journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},

volume = {61},

number = {22},

pages = {7848--7863},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Feain2016,

title = {Functional imaging equivalence and proof of concept for image-guided adaptive radiotherapy with fixed gantry and rotating couch},

author = {Ilana Feain and Chun-Chien Shieh and Paul White and Ricky O'Brien and Sandra Fisher and William Counter and Peter Lazarakis and David Stewart and Simon Downes and Michael Jackson and Siddhartha Baxi and Brendan Whelan and Kuldeep Makhija and Chen-Yu Huang and Michael Barton and Paul Keall},

doi = {10.1016/j.adro.2016.10.004},

issn = {2452-1094},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-10-00},

journal = {Advances in Radiation Oncology},

volume = {1},

number = {4},

pages = {365--372},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Moller2016,

title = {Prognostic value of 18F-FET PET imaging in re-irradiation of high-grade glioma: Results of a phase I clinical trial},

author = {Soren Moller and Ian Law and Per Munck af Rosenschold and Junia Costa and Hans Skovgaard Poulsen and Svend Aage Engelholm and Silke Engelholm},

doi = {10.1016/j.radonc.2016.08.014},

issn = {0167-8140},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-10-00},

journal = {Radiotherapy and Oncology},

volume = {121},

number = {1},

pages = {132--137},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Weiner2016,

title = {Stereotactic body radiotherapy for primary hepatic malignancies – Report of a phase I/II institutional study},

author = {Ashley A. Weiner and Jeffrey Olsen and Daniel Ma and Pawel Dyk and Todd DeWees and Robert J. Myerson and Parag Parikh},

doi = {10.1016/j.radonc.2016.07.020},

issn = {0167-8140},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-10-00},

journal = {Radiotherapy and Oncology},

volume = {121},

number = {1},

pages = {79--85},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pollock2016,

title = {The impact of breathing guidance and prospective gating during thoracic 4DCT imaging: an XCAT study utilizing lung cancer patient motion},

author = {Sean Pollock and John Kipritidis and Danny Lee and Kinga Bernatowicz and Paul Keall},

doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/61/17/6485},

issn = {1361-6560},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-09-07},

journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},

volume = {61},

number = {17},

pages = {6485--6501},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zwan2016,

title = {An EPID‐based system for gantry‐resolved MLC quality assurance for VMAT},

author = {Benjamin J. Zwan and Michael P. Barnes and Todsaporn Fuangrod and Cameron J. Stanton and Daryl J. O'Connor and Paul J. Keall and Peter B. Greer},

doi = {10.1120/jacmp.v17i5.6312},

issn = {1526-9914},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-09-00},

journal = {J Applied Clin Med Phys},

volume = {17},

number = {5},

pages = {348--365},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {Multileaf collimator (MLC) positions should be precisely and independently measured as a function of gantry angle as part of a comprehensive quality assurance (QA) program for volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT). It is also ideal that such a QA program has the ability to relate MLC positional accuracy to patient‐specific dosimetry in order to determine the clinical significance of any detected MLC errors. In this work we propose a method to verify individual MLC trajectories during VMAT deliveries for use as a routine linear accelerator QA tool. We also extend this method to reconstruct the 3D patient dose in the treatment planning system based on the measured MLC trajectories and the original DICOM plan file. The method relies on extracting MLC positions from EPID images acquired at 8.41 fps during clinical VMAT deliveries. A gantry angle is automatically tagged to each image in order to obtain the MLC trajectories as a function of gantry angle. This analysis was performed for six clinical VMAT plans acquired at monthly intervals for three months. The measured trajectories for each delivery were compared to the MLC positions from the DICOM plan file. The maximum mean error detected was 0.07 mm and a maximum root‐mean‐square error was 0.8 mm for any leaf of any delivery. The sensitivity of this system was characterized by introducing random and systematic MLC errors into the test plans. It was demonstrated that the system is capable of detecting random and systematic errors on the range of 1–2 mm and single leaf calibration errors of 0.5 mm. The methodology developed in the work has potential to be used for efficient routine linear accelerator MLC QA and pretreatment patient‐specific QA and has the ability to relate measured MLC positional errors to 3D dosimetric errors within a patient volume.PACS number(s): 87.55.Qr},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{O’Brien2016,

title = {The first implementation of respiratory triggered 4DCBCT on a linear accelerator},

author = {Ricky T O’Brien and Benjamin J Cooper and Chun-Chien Shieh and Uros Stankovic and Paul J Keall and Jan-Jakob Sonke},

doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/61/9/3488},

issn = {1361-6560},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-05-07},

journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},

volume = {61},

number = {9},

pages = {3488--3499},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Colvill2016,

title = {A dosimetric comparison of real-time adaptive and non-adaptive radiotherapy: A multi-institutional study encompassing robotic, gimbaled, multileaf collimator and couch tracking},

author = {Emma Colvill and Jeremy Booth and Simeon Nill and Martin Fast and James Bedford and Uwe Oelfke and Mitsuhiro Nakamura and Per Poulsen and Esben Worm and Rune Hansen and Thomas Ravkilde and Jonas Scherman Rydhög and Tobias Pommer and Per Munck af Rosenschold and Stephanie Lang and Matthias Guckenberger and Christian Groh and Christian Herrmann and Dirk Verellen and Kenneth Poels and Lei Wang and Michael Hadsell and Thilo Sothmann and Oliver Blanck and Paul Keall},

doi = {10.1016/j.radonc.2016.03.006},

issn = {0167-8140},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-04-00},

journal = {Radiotherapy and Oncology},

volume = {119},

number = {1},

pages = {159--165},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Susko2016,

title = {Vaginal Dose Is Associated With Toxicity in Image Guided Tandem Ring or Ovoid-Based Brachytherapy},

author = {Matthew Susko and Oana Craciunescu and Sheridan Meltsner and Yun Yang and Beverly Steffey and Jing Cai and Junzo Chino},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.360},

issn = {0360-3016},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-04-00},

journal = {International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics},

volume = {94},

number = {5},

pages = {1099--1105},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Eslick2015,

title = {Measurement of preoperative lobar lung function with computed tomography ventilation imaging: progress towards rapid stratification of lung cancer lobectomy patients with abnormal lung function},

author = {Enid M. Eslick and Dale L. Bailey and Benjamin Harris and John Kipritidis and Mark Stevens and Bob T. Li and Elizabeth Bailey and Denis Gradinscak and Sean Pollock and Chris Htun and Robin Turner and Thomas Eade and Ali Aslani and Graeme Snowdon and Paul J. Keall},

doi = {10.1093/ejcts/ezv276},

issn = {1873-734X},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-04-00},

journal = {Eur J Cardiothorac Surg},

volume = {49},

number = {4},

pages = {1075--1082},

publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kida2016,

title = {CT ventilation functional image-based IMRT treatment plans are comparable to SPECT ventilation functional image-based plans},

author = {Satoshi Kida and Matthieu Bal and Sven Kabus and Mohammadreza Negahdar and Xin Shan and Billy W. Loo and Paul J. Keall and Tokihiro Yamamoto},

doi = {10.1016/j.radonc.2016.02.019},

issn = {0167-8140},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-03-00},

journal = {Radiotherapy and Oncology},

volume = {118},

number = {3},

pages = {521--527},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nguyen2016,

title = {High-Dose-Rate Monotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer—What More Will It Take to Make This a Standard Therapy?},

author = {Paul L. Nguyen and Jay P. Ciezki},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.375},

issn = {0360-3016},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-03-00},

journal = {International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics},

volume = {94},

number = {4},

pages = {655--656},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pan2016,

title = {Acute esophagitis for patients with local–regional advanced non small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy},

author = {Yi Pan and Carsten Brink and Marianne Knap and Azza A. Khalil and Christa H. Nyhus and Tine McCulloch and Bente Holm and Yi-long Wu and Tine Schytte and Olfred Hansen},

doi = {10.1016/j.radonc.2016.01.007},

issn = {0167-8140},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-03-00},

journal = {Radiotherapy and Oncology},

volume = {118},

number = {3},

pages = {465--470},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Seregni2016,

title = {Motion prediction in MRI-guided radiotherapy based on interleaved orthogonal cine-MRI},

author = {M Seregni and C Paganelli and D Lee and P B Greer and G Baroni and P J Keall and M Riboldi},

doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/61/2/872},

issn = {1361-6560},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-21},

journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},

volume = {61},

number = {2},

pages = {872--887},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Oborn2015,

title = {Dose enhancement in radiotherapy of small lung tumors using inline magnetic fields: A Monte Carlo based planning study},

author = {B. M. Oborn and Y. Ge and N. Hardcastle and P. E. Metcalfe and P. J. Keall},

doi = {10.1118/1.4938580},

issn = {0094-2405},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-00},

journal = {Med. Phys.},

volume = {43},

number = {1},

pages = {368--377},

publisher = {Wiley},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Li2015,

title = {A robust noise reduction technique for time resolved CT},

author = {Zhoubo Li and Lifeng Yu and Shuai Leng and Eric E. Williamson and Amy L. Kotsenas and David R. DeLone and Armando Manduca and Cynthia H. McCollough},

doi = {10.1118/1.4938576},

issn = {0094-2405},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-00},

journal = {Med. Phys.},

volume = {43},

number = {1},

pages = {347--359},

publisher = {Wiley},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Shieh2015b,

title = {Markerless tumor tracking using short kilovoltage imaging arcs for lung image-guided radiotherapy},

author = {Chun-Chien Shieh and Paul J Keall and Zdenka Kuncic and Chen-Yu Huang and Ilana Feain},

doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/60/24/9437},

issn = {1361-6560},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-12-21},

journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},

volume = {60},

number = {24},

pages = {9437--9454},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Cooper2015,

title = {Quantifying the image quality and dose reduction of respiratory triggered 4D cone-beam computed tomography with patient-measured breathing},

author = {Benjamin J Cooper and Ricky T O’Brien and John Kipritidis and Chun-Chien Shieh and Paul J Keall},

doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/60/24/9493},

issn = {1361-6560},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-12-21},

journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},

volume = {60},

number = {24},

pages = {9493--9513},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pollock2015,

title = {Audiovisual biofeedback breathing guidance for lung cancer patients receiving radiotherapy: a multi-institutional phase II randomised clinical trial},

author = {Sean Pollock and Ricky O’Brien and Kuldeep Makhija and Fiona Hegi-Johnson and Jane Ludbrook and Angela Rezo and Regina Tse and Thomas Eade and Roland Yeghiaian-Alvandi and Val Gebski and Paul J Keall},

doi = {10.1186/s12885-015-1483-7},

issn = {1471-2407},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-12-00},

journal = {BMC Cancer},

volume = {15},

number = {1},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Juneja2015,

title = {Prostate motion during radiotherapy of prostate cancer patients with and without application of a hydrogel spacer: a comparative study},

author = {Prabhjot Juneja and Andrew Kneebone and Jeremy T. Booth and David I. Thwaites and Ramandeep Kaur and Emma Colvill and Jin A. Ng and Paul J. Keall and Thomas Eade},

doi = {10.1186/s13014-015-0526-1},

issn = {1748-717X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-12-00},

journal = {Radiat Oncol},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Splatt2015,

title = {Major complications of high‐energy microwave ablation for percutaneous CT‐guided treatment of lung malignancies: Single‐centre experience after 4 years},

author = {Alexander M Splatt and Karin Steinke},

doi = {10.1111/1754-9485.12345},

issn = {1754-9485},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-10-00},

journal = {J Med Imag Rad Onc},

volume = {59},

number = {5},

pages = {609--616},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the rate of major complications related to percutaneous computed tomography (CT)‐guided microwave ablation (MWA) of primary and secondary lung malignancies performed at our institution over a 4‐year period.MethodsFrom May 2010 to September 2014, 70 MWAs were performed on 51 patients. All major intra‐ and post‐procedural complications (as defined by the classification proposed by the Society of Interventional Radiology) were retrospectively analysed. The results were correlated with a systematic review of the available literature on MWA in the lung.ResultsMajor complications were encountered in 14 out of 70 ablations (20%). Twenty‐one separate major complications were encountered (some ablations lead to more than one major complication). One death occurred within 30 days of ablation, though the relationship to the procedure remains uncertain. Other major complications included: nine pneumothoraces requiring drain insertion (12.9%), four cases of large effusion requiring drainage (5.7%), two cases of significant pulmonary haemorrhage altering clinical management (2.9%), two infections (2.9%), one case of mechanical failure (1.4%), one chest wall burn (1.4%) and one case of pleural seeding (1.4%). Major complications were much more likely to occur if the nodule was located within 7 mm from the pleura.ConclusionMWA of pulmonary tumours carries moderate risk; nevertheless, the usually manageable complications should not deter from undertaking a potentially curative therapy for poor surgical candidates.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Paganelli2015,

title = {Quantification of lung tumor rotation with automated landmark extraction using orthogonal cine MRI images},

author = {Chiara Paganelli and Danny Lee and Peter B Greer and Guido Baroni and Marco Riboldi and Paul Keall},

doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/60/18/7165},

issn = {1361-6560},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-09-21},

journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},

volume = {60},

number = {18},

pages = {7165--7178},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pollock2015b,

title = {Breathing guidance in radiation oncology and radiology: A systematic review of patient and healthy volunteer studies},

author = {Sean Pollock and Robyn Keall and Paul Keall},

doi = {10.1118/1.4928488},

issn = {2473-4209},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-09-00},

journal = {Medical Physics},

volume = {42},

number = {9},

pages = {5490--5509},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {Purpose:The advent of image‐guided radiation therapy has led to dramatic improvements in the accuracy of treatment delivery in radiotherapy. Such advancements have highlighted the deleterious impact tumor motion can have on both image quality and radiation treatment delivery. One approach to reducing tumor motion irregularities is the use of breathing guidance systems during imaging and treatment. These systems aim to facilitate regular respiratory motion which in turn improves image quality and radiation treatment accuracy. A review of such research has yet to be performed; it was therefore their aim to perform a systematic review of breathing guidance interventions within the fields of radiation oncology and radiology.Methods:From August 1–14, 2014, the following online databases were searched: Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Results of these searches were filtered in accordance to a set of eligibility criteria. The search, filtration, and analysis of articles were conducted in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. Reference lists of included articles, and repeat authors of included articles, were hand‐searched.Results:The systematic search yielded a total of 480 articles, which were filtered down to 27 relevant articles in accordance to the eligibility criteria. These 27 articles detailed the intervention of breathing guidance strategies in controlled studies assessing its impact on such outcomes as breathing regularity, image quality, target coverage, and treatment margins, recruiting either healthy adult volunteers or patients with thoracic or abdominal lesions. In 21/27 studies, significant (p < 0.05) improvements from the use of breathing guidance were observed.Conclusions:There is a trend toward the number of breathing guidance studies increasing with time, indicating a growing clinical interest. The results found here indicate that further clinical studies are warranted that quantify the clinical impact of breathing guidance, along with the health technology assessment to determine the advantages and disadvantages of breathing guidance.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jakobi2015,

title = {Identification of Patient Benefit From Proton Therapy for Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients Based on Individual and Subgroup Normal Tissue Complication Probability Analysis},

author = {Annika Jakobi and Anna Bandurska-Luque and Kristin Stützer and Robert Haase and Steffen Löck and Linda-Jacqueline Wack and David Mönnich and Daniela Thorwarth and Damien Perez and Armin Lühr and Daniel Zips and Mechthild Krause and Michael Baumann and Rosalind Perrin and Christian Richter},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.04.031},

issn = {0360-3016},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-08-00},

journal = {International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics},

volume = {92},

number = {5},

pages = {1165--1174},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wallace2015,

title = {Determining appropriate imaging parameters for kilovoltage intrafraction monitoring: an experimental phantom study},

author = {D Wallace and J A Ng and P J Keall and R T O’Brien and P R Poulsen and P Juneja and J T Booth},

doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/60/12/4835},

issn = {1361-6560},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-06-21},

journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},

volume = {60},

number = {12},

pages = {4835--4847},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Petasecca2015,

title = {MagicPlate-512: A 2D silicon detector array for quality assurance of stereotactic motion adaptive radiotherapy},

author = {M. Petasecca and M. K. Newall and J. T. Booth and M. Duncan and A. H. Aldosari and I. Fuduli and A. A. Espinoza and C. S. Porumb and S. Guatelli and P. Metcalfe and E. Colvill and D. Cammarano and M. Carolan and B. Oborn and M. L. F. Lerch and V. Perevertaylo and P. J. Keall and A. B. Rosenfeld},

doi = {10.1118/1.4921126},

issn = {0094-2405},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-06-00},

journal = {Med. Phys.},

volume = {42},

number = {6Part1},

pages = {2992--3004},

publisher = {Wiley},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pollock2015c,

title = {SU‐E‐J‐185: A Systematic Review of Breathing Guidance in Radiation Oncology and Radiology},

author = {S Pollock and R Keall and P Keall},

doi = {10.1118/1.4924271},

issn = {2473-4209},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-06-00},

journal = {Medical Physics},

volume = {42},

number = {6Part10},

pages = {3307--3308},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {Purpose:The advent of image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT) has led to dramatic improvements in the accuracy of treatment delivery in radiotherapy. Such advancements have highlighted the deleterious impact tumor motion can have on both image quality and radiation treatment delivery. One approach to reducing tumor motion is the use of breathing guidance systems during imaging and treatment. A review of such research had not yet been performed, it was therefore our aim to perform a systematic review of breathing guidance interventions within the fields of radiation oncology and radiology.Methods:Results of online database searches were filtered in accordance to a set of eligibility criteria. The search, filtration, and analysis of articles were conducted in accordance with the PRISMAStatement reporting standard (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses) utilizing the PICOS approach (Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design).Participants:Cancer patients, healthy volunteers.Intervention:Biofeedback breathing guidance systems.Comparison:No breathing guidance of the same breathing type.Outcome:Regularity of breathing signal and anatomic/tumor motion, medical image quality, radiation treatment margins and coverage, medical imaging and radiation treatment times.Study design:Quantitative and controlled prospective or retrospective trials.Results:The systematic search yielded a total of 479 articles, which were filtered down to 27 relevant articles in accordance to the eligibility criteria. The vast majority of investigated outcomes were significantly positively impacted by the use of breathing guidance; however, this was dependent upon the nature of the breathing guidance system and study design. In 25/27 studies significant improvements from the use of breathing guidance were observed.Conclusion:The results found here indicate that further clinical studies are warranted which quantify more comprehensively the clinical impact of The results found here indicate that further clinical studies are warranted which quantify more comprehensively the clinical impact of breathing guidance interventions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Myronakis2015,

title = {SU‐E‐J‐186: Using 4DCT‐Based Motion Modeling to Predict Motion and Duty Cycle On Successive Days of Gated Radiotherapy},

author = {M Myronakis and W Cai and S Dhou and F Cifter and J Lewis},

doi = {10.1118/1.4924272},

issn = {2473-4209},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-06-00},

journal = {Medical Physics},

volume = {42},

number = {6Part10},

pages = {3308--3308},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {Purpose:To determine if 4DCT‐based motion modeling and external surrogate motion measured during treatment simulation can enhance prediction of residual tumor motion and duty cycle during treatment delivery.Methods:This experiment was conducted using simultaneously recorded tumor and external surrogate motion acquired over multiple fractions of lung cancer radiotherapy. These breathing traces were combined with the XCAT phantom to simulate CT images. Data from the first day was used to estimate the residual tumor motion and duty cycle both directly from the 4DCT (the current clinical standard), and from external‐surrogate based motion modeling. The accuracy of these estimated residual tumor motions and duty cycles are evaluated by comparing to the measured internal/external motions from other treatment days.Results:All calculations were done for 25% and 50% duty cycles. The results indicated that duty cycle derived from 4DCT information alone is not enough to accurately predict duty cycles during treatment. Residual tumor motion was determined from the recorded data and compared with the estimated residual tumor motion from 4DCT. Relative differences in residual tumor motion varied from −30% to 55%, suggesting that more information is required to properly predict residual tumor motion. Compared to estimations made from 4DCT, in three out of four patients examined, the 30 seconds of motion modeling data was able to predict the duty cycle with better accuracy than 4DCT. No improvement was observed in prediction of residual tumor motion for this dataset.Conclusion:Motion modeling during simulation has the potential to enhance 4DCT and provide more information about target motion, duty cycles, and delivered dose. Based on these four patients, 30 seconds of motion modeling data produced improve duty cycle estimations but showed no measurable improvement in residual tumor motion prediction. More patient data is needed to verify this Result.I would like to acknowledge funding from MRA, VARIAN Medical Systems, Inc.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Manning2015,

title = {SU‐E‐J‐187: Management of Optic Organ Motion in Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy},

author = {M Manning and J Maurer},

doi = {10.1118/1.4924273},

issn = {2473-4209},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-06-00},

journal = {Medical Physics},

volume = {42},

number = {6Part10},

pages = {3308--3308},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {Purpose:Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for optic nerve tumors can potentially use planning target volume (PTV) expansions as small as 1–5 mm. However, the motion of the intraorbital segment of the optic nerve has not been studied.Methods:A subject with a right optic nerve sheath meningioma underwent CT simulation in three fixed gaze positions: right, left, and fixed forward at a marker. The gross tumor volume (GTV) and the organs‐at‐risk (OAR) were contoured on all three scans. An IMRT plan using 10 static non‐coplanar fields to 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions was designed to treat the fixed‐forward gazing GTV with a 1 mm PTV, then resulting coverage was evaluated for the GTV in the three positions. As an alternative, the composite structures were computed to generate the internal target volume (ITV), 1 mm expansion free‐gazing PTV, and planning organat‐risk volumes (PRVs) for free‐gazing treatment. A comparable IMRT plan was created for the free‐gazing PTV.Results:If the patient were treated using the fixed forward gaze plan looking straight, right, and left, the V100% for the GTV was 100.0%, 33.1%, and 0.1%, respectively. The volumes of the PTVs for fixed gaze and free‐gazing plans were 0.79 and 2.21 cc, respectively, increasing the PTV by a factor of 2.6. The V100% for the fixed gaze and free‐gazing plans were 0.85 cc and 2.8 cc, respectively increasing the treated volume by a factor of 3.3.Conclusion:Fixed gaze treatment appears to provide greater organ sparing than free‐gazing. However unanticipated intrafraction right or left gaze can produce a geometric miss. Further study of optic nerve motion appears to be warranted in areas such as intrafraction optical confirmation of fixed gaze and optimized gaze directions to minimize lens and other normal organ dose in cranial radiotherapy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kipritidis2015,

title = {Measuring interfraction and intrafraction lung function changes during radiation therapy using four‐dimensional cone beam CT ventilation imaging},

author = {John Kipritidis and Geoffrey Hugo and Elisabeth Weiss and Jeffrey Williamson and Paul J. Keall},

doi = {10.1118/1.4907991},

issn = {2473-4209},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-03-00},

journal = {Medical Physics},

volume = {42},

number = {3},

pages = {1255--1267},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {Purpose:Adaptive ventilation guided radiation therapy could minimize the irradiation of healthy lung based on repeat lung ventilation imaging (VI) during treatment. However the efficacy of adaptive ventilation guidance requires that interfraction (e.g., week‐to‐week), ventilation changes are not washed out by intrafraction (e.g., pre‐ and postfraction) changes, for example, due to patient breathing variability. The authors hypothesize that patients undergoing lung cancer radiation therapy exhibit larger interfraction ventilation changes compared to intrafraction function changes. To test this, the authors perform the first comparison of interfraction and intrafraction lung VI pairs using four‐dimensional cone beam CT ventilation imaging (4D‐CBCT VI), a novel technique for functional lung imaging.Methods:The authors analyzed a total of 215 4D‐CBCT scans acquired for 19 locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (LA‐NSCLC) patients over 4–6 weeks of radiation therapy. This set of 215 scans was sorted into 56 interfraction pairs (including first day scans and each of treatment weeks 2, 4, and 6) and 78 intrafraction pairs (including pre/postfraction scans on the same‐day), with some scans appearing in both sets. VIs were obtained from the Jacobian determinant of the transform between the 4D‐CBCT end‐exhale and end‐inhale images after deformable image registration. All VIs were deformably registered to their corresponding planning CT and normalized to account for differences in breathing effort, thus facilitating image comparison in terms of (i) voxelwise Spearman correlations, (ii) mean image differences, and (iii) gamma pass rates for all interfraction and intrafraction VI pairs. For the side of the lung ipsilateral to the tumor, we applied two‐sided t‐tests to determine whether interfraction VI pairs were more different than intrafraction VI pairs.Results:The (mean ± standard deviation) Spearman correlation for interfraction VI pairs was , which was significantly lower than for intrafraction pairs (, p = 0.0002). Conversely, mean absolute ventilation differences were larger for interfraction pairs than for intrafraction pairs, with  and , respectively (p < 10−15). Applying a gamma analysis with ventilation/distance tolerance of 25%/10 mm, we observed mean pass rate of (69% ± 20%) for interfraction VIs, which was significantly lower compared to intrafraction pairs (80% ± 15%, with p ∼ 0.0003). Compared to the first day scans, all patients experienced at least one subsequent change in median ipsilateral ventilation ≥10%. Patients experienced both positive and negative ventilation changes throughout treatment, with the maximum change occurring at different weeks for different patients.Conclusions:The authors’ data support the hypothesis that interfraction ventilation changes are larger than intrafraction ventilation changes for LA‐NSCLC patients over a course of conventional lung cancer radiation therapy. Longitudinal ventilation changes are observed to be highly patient‐dependent, supporting a possible role for adaptive ventilation guidance based on repeat 4D‐CBCT VIs. We anticipate that future improvement of 4D‐CBCT image reconstruction algorithms will improve the capability of 4D‐CBCT VI to resolve interfraction ventilation changes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Shieh2015,

title = {Improving thoracic four-dimensional cone-beam CT reconstruction with anatomical-adaptive image regularization (AAIR)},

author = {Chun-Chien Shieh and John Kipritidis and Ricky T O'Brien and Benjamin J Cooper and Zdenka Kuncic and Paul J Keall},

doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/60/2/841},

issn = {1361-6560},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-21},

journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},

volume = {60},

number = {2},

pages = {841--868},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Seth2015,

title = {Cytogenetic Low-Dose Hyperradiosensitivity Is Observed in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes},

author = {Isheeta Seth and Michael C. Joiner and James D. Tucker},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.09.020},

issn = {0360-3016},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-00},

journal = {International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics},

volume = {91},

number = {1},

pages = {82--90},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ravkilde2014,

title = {Fast motion-including dose error reconstruction for VMAT with and without MLC tracking},

author = {Thomas Ravkilde and Paul J Keall and Cai Grau and Morten Høyer and Per R Poulsen},

doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/59/23/7279},

issn = {1361-6560},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-12-07},

journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},

volume = {59},

number = {23},

pages = {7279--7296},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kim2014,

title = {Motion management within two respiratory-gating windows: feasibility study of dual quasi-breath-hold technique in gated medical procedures},

author = {Taeho Kim and Siyong Kim and Yang-Kyun Park and Kaylin K Youn and Paul Keall and Rena Lee},

doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/59/21/6583},

issn = {1361-6560},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-07},

journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},

volume = {59},

number = {21},

pages = {6583--6594},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gemici2014,

title = {In Regard to Muijs et al},

author = {Cengiz Gemici},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.06.004},

issn = {0360-3016},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-00},

journal = {International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics},

volume = {90},

number = {3},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{O’Brien2014b,

title = {Optimizing 4DCBCT projection allocation to respiratory bins},

author = {Ricky T O’Brien and John Kipritidis and Chun-Chien Shieh and Paul J Keall},

doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/59/19/5631},

issn = {1361-6560},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-10-07},

journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},

volume = {59},

number = {19},

pages = {5631--5649},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kirkpatrick2014,

title = {Recurrent Malignant Gliomas},

author = {John P. Kirkpatrick and John H. Sampson},

doi = {10.1016/j.semradonc.2014.06.006},

issn = {1053-4296},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-10-00},

journal = {Seminars in Radiation Oncology},

volume = {24},

number = {4},

pages = {289--298},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}